Definitions of Hospitality in Religions & Regions

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Definitions of Hospitality in Religions & Regions

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The largest concentrated solar power project (CSP)

A group of European companies and the DESERTEC Foundation signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the aim to put the DESERTEC Concept into effect in the EUMENA Region Yesterday.

The objective of this initiative is to analyse and develop the technical, economic, political, social and ecological framework for carbon-free power generation in the deserts of North Africa. The DESERTEC concept, developed by the TREC Initiative of the Club of Rome, describes the perspectives of a sustainable power supply for all regions of the world with access to the energy potential of deserts.

By joining together hundreds of solar thermal power plants and wind farms with high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission cables under the Mediterranean sea, the founders of the Desertec Industrial Initiative hope one day to supply 15 per cent of Europe’s electricity needs.

Concentrating solar power plants use the sun’s heat to generate electricity. Hundreds of mirrors focus the sun’s rays on to a receiver containing a heat transfer fluid, such as oil. This heat energy is used to produce steam which drives a turbine, much like in a traditional power station. Unlike photovoltaic solar cells, CSP plants are able to generate electricity at night or on cloudy days, by storing the heat they produce.

## The DESERTEC Foundation

## طرح ایجاد بزرگترین نیروگاه خورشیدی جهان

The world's first fuel cell glider makes maiden flight

The world's only piloted aircraft using fuel cell propulsion technology took off from Hamburg airport on Tuesday on its first public flight, proving that hydrogen-powered transportation is not a pipe dream. During its 10-minute maiden flight, the Antares DLR-H2 aircraft was piloted by Axel Lange, the 46-year-old head of one of the companies which adapted the motor-assisted glider to demonstrate the new technology.


The current propulsion model and aerodynamics of the glider allows a top speed of about 170 kilometres per hour, but work is already well advanced to raise that to 300 kph.
The air-cooled stack in the fuel cell system uses Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technology based on BASF’s Celtec membrane electrode assemblies and a stack supplied by Serenergy. A PEM fuel cell, which operates at between 120°C and 180°C, uses hydrogen fuel and oxygen from the air to produce electricity. The potential power generated by a fuel stack depends on the number and size of the individual fuel cells that make up the stack and the surface area of the PEM.
DLR isn’t the only one making moves in this area. In a test earlier this year Airbus powered an aircraft system with a conventional hydrogen and oxygen based fuel cell that generated up to 20kW to power the aircraft’s back-up hydraulic circuit, an electric motor pump, and ailerons. Boeing Research and Technology Europe modified a two-seat Diamond Aircraft Dimona motor glider with a PEM fuel cell/lithium-ion battery hybrid to power an electric motor coupled to a conventional propeller.
DLR says that although results from the test are promising, more research needs to be done, and points out that the Antares trial is just one part of a larger process.


## German fuel cell plane makes maiden flight

CO2 emissions

World's CO2 Emmisions Simulator

http://breathingearth.net/

Professor Anpo's last Lecture

In appreciation to the people I met through my education and research work.

Professor Anpo's last Lecture

Yalda has believed to be the Sun's rebirth!

Yalda means birth. It is used interchangeably with “Shab e Cheleh” a Zoroastrian celebration of the Winter Solstice around Dec. 21st. Most Midwinter celebrations fall around the time of the Winter Solstice and share stories that revolve around the victory of light over darkness and the rebirth of the Sun. And Yalda is no exception.

Yalda means birth. It is used interchangeably with Shab e Cheleh' a Zoroastrian celebration of the Winter Solstice around Dec. 21st. Most Midwinter celebrations fall around the time of the Winter Solstice and share stories that revolve around the victory of light over darkness and the rebirth of the Sun. And Yalda is no exception.
Yalda is a festival that is thought to have been adopted by the Persians from the Babylonians. The last day of the Persian month of Azar is the longest night of the year, when the forces of Ahriman or darkness are thought to be at their peak. The next day which is the first day of the month called Day is known as khoram rooz or khore rooz which means the day of the sun. This day belongs to the creator Ahura Mazda, the Lord of Wisdom. With the return of the sun, the days get longer and the nights get shorter, which means that the sun has once again won a victory over the darkness.


Fires would burn all night in order to guarantee that Ahriman was defeated. Feasting, acts of charity, and deity worship were all a part of Yalda. Prayers to Mithra, the Sun God were sent heavenward to ensure that the Sun would rise with the "light of the early morning." It was thought that at this special time, Ahurz Mazda would grant wishes, especially to couples who wished to blessed with children.

During the festival masters and servants would reverse roles. A mock king was crowned and festivities abounded. The belief in the Persian culture at that time was that the first creation was order that came out of chaos. Therefore, roles were reversed and disorder and chaos reigned until the end of the festival. In fact, the Roman festival of Saturnalia was borrowed from the festival of Yalda at a later date.

Yalda is more of a social occasion than a festival. Friends and families visit one another for poetry readings from the poems of Hafez, a 14th century poet who still has a large following in Iranian households. It is tradition to make a wish, open a page of his poems randomly and look for the answer to the wish in that particular poem. Dried nuts, seeds and fresh winter fruits are popular fare at this time.
Family members would gather around a specially designed short wooden table covered with large quilts and blankets under which a small charcoal fire is burning. This table was called the corsi. Everyone would curl up underneath and even ate and slept there. In modern times, electrical heaters have replaced the corsi, but the tradition is still kept alive.
It seems ironic to me that at this time of year, when both of our countries are celebrating the return of the light, and coming together as family and friends, that we can be at war with one another. When I think of a family in Iran curled up together under the corsi, listening to grandparents tell tales of long ago, I can superimpose a family in America, sitting in front of a lighted Christmas tree, listening to grandparents tell tales of long ago. It is not those families that are in dispute with one another. We are not at war. We are human being sharing a night of love and wisdom with our families. Isn't it a shame that a conflict caused by politics, and a very tiny portion of a population can wreak such chaos?

Love, Light, Happy Yalda and Merry Christmas.

## Christmas,Yalda, and MithraÏsm

Stand in opposition to biofuels

Report on agro-economic risks of using crops as fuel
http://www.saynotobiofuels.org/

God is light

Heat and light from the sun are obvious, Light from the sun arrives at the top of the earth's atmosphere at a power level of about one kilowatt per square meter. It is this heat and light from a modest star (surface temperature only 5500 degrees C), that all life processes on earth are ultimately driven. Without the sun's constant energy input, our planet would quickly radiate away its latent heat and freeze us and everything else very solid in short order.










"This is the message which we have heard from him and announce to you, that God is light, and in him is no darkness at all."

"1 John 1:5"

The application of Nanoscience & technology in field of renewable photovoltaic energy

The improvement and development of new routine in manufacturing and characterization of materials especially in molecular and atomic scales heighten mankind hope to dig out extraordinary approaches to solve complicated problems in Science and technology. This approach named as Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Over the last decade, enormous research had been done by many researchers around the world using these techniques.

The novel techniques in Science and technology are such as miracle for research in Nanoscience and technology, it has been said that these techniques not only facilitate the improvement of Nanotechnology but also gave it a magical renewal which everybody knew it in the world.
As you knew natural energy resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas take millions of years to form naturally and cannot be replaced as fast as they are consumed. Mankind life standards have been boosted by using cheap energy resources in the last century without caring about environments and renewal of these resources. The next generation will ask us “Why did you run out of all of treasures we had on the earth?”

Although it is not so easy for us to visualize how our life will change when we have no Energy resource to use, But just consider recent increase of oil price which escalated to a worrying level and affected all aspects of people life around the world by increasing of living costs and foodstuff.
There are fears that in long-range forecast because of increasing the consumption and decreasing the available non-renewable resources the energy price rise gradually and became a luxurious material that just prosperous people can afford it. In a simple expression we can expect that the further living standards will decline if we couldn’t utilize new resources and materials.

Renewable energy sources are generally sustainable in the sense that they cannot "run out" as well as in the sense that their environmental and social impacts are generally more benign than those of fossil. Conversion of even a small fraction of the solar radiation incident on the Earth’s surface into electrical power has the potential to satisfy the world’s energy demands without generating environmental damaging side products.
Energy harvesting from sunlight and conversion to electricity or novel Idea of direct producing simple chemicals such as Hydrogen, alongside making high density light weight rechargeable batteries, safe and light weight H2 and natural gas containers, high density fuel cells and smart sensors for conserving precious energy and many other aspects will help us to sustain and improve our quality of life.
Nanotechnology plays an important role in photovoltaic devices and is the first nominee for improving of effectiveness and durability of conventional photovoltaic cells. Performance limiting factors in these devices such as surfaces and interfaces and band gap will be solving by implanting Nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology shows a clear optimistic vision of the future only if instantly start to invest wisely on it, and manipulate it in critical subjects as energy and its related fields. Nanotechnology is the only bright spot of future in our research. Recently considerable amount of researches were done in US, Japan and Europe in different fields such as Chemistry, Physics and Engineering but it is just in the starting point and need for escalating more.

The new era of manipulating Nanotechnology has started and there is no escape of it, let’s join and accelerate this progress if you take care about your next generation in the future.

50 years of Science in CERN

What is CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ?

Unravel the remaining mysteries of the universe

The Large Hadron Collider atom smasher, or the LHC, a 17-mile circular tunnel situated 100 metres underground near Geneva, is the biggest experiment ever.
Located at CERN, the European Centre for Nuclear Research, it is the most powerful in a series of particle accelerators that, over the last 70 years, have allowed us to penetrate deeper into the heart of matter.
It recreate conditions not seen since the big bang of creation to probe the secrets of the cosmos.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2008/09/10/scicern310.xml

## LHC First Beam Day from the CERN Control Centre (CCC)

## LHC - Large Hadron Collider

http://petermccready.com/portfolio/07041601.html

## An inside tour of the world's biggest supercollider

## CERN in 3 minutes

## باریکه به سی. ام. اس رسید، شامپاین هاتون رو باز کنید

##خواستن برای دانستن

Natural gas instead of Gasoline, Which country move fast?

Fuel rationing has forced Iran's car makers to scale down the manufacture of gasoline powered cars and increase production of dual-fuel cars that also run on natural gas as part of Iranian government's attempt to reduce billions of dollars it spends each year to import gasoline.

In the ad. Boone talks about how the Iranians are moving quickly to vehicles powered by Natural gas so they can free up their $120 a barrel oil to sell to us. Boone says:
“Get this one. Iran is changing its cars to run on natural gas and we’re not doing a thing here…”
Please let have a look on this video:

## What Iran is Doing

## How Natural-gas Vehicles Work

The sun will be our savior

## http://www.sharp.co.jp/solar-campaign/index_e.html

## Sharp to Open Thin-Film Solar Cell Plant in Sakai, Japan

##

Newsweek : Most of the grads of Iranian universities were working with major international companies

One of the best universities of the world is in Iran, the Newsweek weekly said in its latest edition, referring to Iran’s Sharif University of Science and Technology. “Forget Harvard _ one of the world’s best undergraduate colleges is in Iran,” said the news weekly in an article appeared in its August 9 edition. It said that Sharif University has now one of the best undergraduate electrical-engineering programs in the world. “In 2003, administrators at Stanford University’s Electrical Engineering Department were startled when a group of foreign students aced the notoriously difficult Ph.D. entrance exam, getting some of the highest scores ever. “That the whiz kids weren’t American wasn’t odd; students from Asia and elsewhere excel in US programs. The surprising thing, say Stanford administrators, is that the majority came from one country and one school: the Sharif University of Science and Technology in Iran.” Newsweek quoted Bruce A. Wooley, a former chair of the Electrical Engineering Department, as saying, “Stanford has become a favorite destination of Sharif grads.” Noting that Iranian students are developing “an international reputation as science superstars,” the weekly added. “Iranian students from Sharif and other top schools, such as the University of Tehran and the Isfahan University of Technology, have also become major players in the international Science Olympics, taking home trophies in physics, mathematics, chemistry and robotics.” According to the news magazine most of the grads of Iranian universities were working with major international companies. “The Silicon Valley companies from Google to Yahoo now employ hundreds of Iranian grads, as do research institutes throughout the West. Olympiad winners are especially attractive; according to the Iranian press, up to 90 percent of them now leave the country for graduate school or work abroad.”

## Newsweek Special Report: Sharif now has one of the best undergraduate electrical-engineering programs in the world.

## ! هاروارد را فراموش کنید

## درخشش جهاني دانشگاه شريف

## Iran home to one of world's best universities: Newsweek

## Sharif University of Technology

## Sharif University of Technology in Wikipedia encyclopedia

## دانشگاه صنعتی شریف

Bandgap Engineering

TiO2 is of great interest in the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis. TiO2 has the advantage of being cheap, nontoxic, and stable, all of which make it attractive for remediation of environmental organic pollutants. However, its wide bandgap (3.2 eV) means that is can only utilize just ~5% of the solar spectrum, all in the UV region. If this threshold energy could be reduced, visible light could then be used, opening up a much larger portion of the solar spectrum for potential photocatalytic work.
A large number of approaches have been taken to reduce the bandgap energy of TiO2, such as doping with transition metal cations, creating oxygen vacancies, or, most recently, doping with anions such as C, S, and N. The first report of N-TiO2 was by Asahi et al. in 2001, in which they bleached methylene blue (MB).
It was originally believed that mixing of nitrogen 2p states with lattice oxygen 2p states led to an overall reduction in the bandgap energy. However, more recent studies have shown both theoretically and experimentally that either substitutionally or interstitially bound nitrogen species result in localized N 2p states above the valence band.

## Hydrogen-producing bacteria provide clean energy
## OSU scientists advance hydrogen fuel-cell prospects
## Thunder Bay's Silence is Speaking Loud and Clear!
## We need answers to the energy crisis
## Can gas-saving device squeeze more miles from tank